Biography

(äl ´) (KEY) , 1911–, French economist. After working in the French mine administration, he joined the École National Superieure des Mines in Paris (1944–) and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientific (1946–), where he developed his economic theories of how large, state-owned monopolies function. He was named an officer of the Legion of Honor in 1977, and in 1988 he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his earlier work on resource allocation and pricing in monopolistic enterprises. He retired in 1980 but continued his affiliation with the École and the research center.
1872?–1967, British internationalist and economist, whose name originally was Ralph Norman Angell Lane. He came to fame with The Great Illusion (1910, rev. ed. 1933), in which he posited that the common economic interests of nations make war futile. At the close of World War I he worked for a generous peace and international cooperation. In Peace with the Dictators? (1938) he attacked the British Conservative party’s policy of condoning Japanese and Italian aggression. After World War II he urged unity among the Western democracies in such works as Defence and the English-speaking Role (1958). Knighted in 1931, Norman Angell was awarded the 1933 Nobel Peace Prize.
See his autobiography (1951).

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